The problem of fuel consumption of heavy trucks is much more complicated than that of cars. It should be analyzed by more professional people. However, many truck driver friends on the Internet continue to ask questions and can't help but worry about them. Therefore, I first try to analyze my personal understanding. , ask professionals to amend or add.
Before the analysis, there are two common concepts that need to be understood first and used later to avoid confusion:
Power (kW): For cars, power refers to the work done by the engine in a unit of time. In a certain speed range, the faster the speed is, the greater the power is, but after a certain speed, the power tends to decrease. The greater the power, the higher the maximum speed of the car. Generally, the corresponding speed (r/min) is marked while the maximum output power of the engine is described. The maximum power is often used to describe the dynamic performance of a car. 1kW (kW) ≈ 1.36ps (horsepower).
Torque (Nm): Torque is the ability to rotate an object. The engine torque refers to the torque output from the crankshaft side of the engine. Under the condition of fixed power, the faster the speed is, the smaller the torque is. It reflects the load capacity of the car within a certain range. The greater the torque output, the greater the bearing capacity, the better the acceleration performance, and the stronger the climbing ability. As with power, the corresponding engine speed (r/min) is also indicated when the maximum engine output torque is indicated.
I will interpret the most important factors affecting vehicle fuel consumption one by one.
â— The vehicle's power line layout The car can run because the car has a well-designed power line. This power line transmits power like this:
Engine → Clutch → Transmission → Driveshaft (also with universal joints, etc.) → Drive axle → Tire (actually, put on shoes).
The popular one is:
The engine drank the oil → The crankshaft of the engine turns with its rear-end flywheel (high speed) → The flywheel engages with the clutch → The power is transmitted to the transmission to shift gears (For different gears to decelerate, to change to the overdrive gear for speed-up ) → The transmission shaft transmits power to the drive axle → The final drive in the middle of the drive axle is further decelerated (there is one additional deceleration for the pulley-side speed reducer) → The tire is driven to rotate (Oh, it is putting on shoes and starting to run).
For example: If a car is running at full capacity, the throttle will step on to make the engine speed reach 1500 rpm. If the gearbox is at 9th gear and the speed ratio is 2.10 (such as Shanjin 12JS180T), then it will be transmitted from the transmission to The speed of the transmission shaft is reduced to 1500?.10 = 714 rpm. If the ratio of the drive axle to be matched with the vehicle is 4.38, then the tire rotation speed is 714?.38 = 163 rpm.
However, in this transmission process, there is a great loss of power. For example, assume that the engine's torque is 1275N.m. When this power is transmitted to the tire through the power line, it may only be 80%. That is, the torque driving the vehicle tire rolling forward is only 1275×80%=1020N. m. Different vehicles in the process of power transmission will have different energy losses, the same as a new car, but also because of the different processing quality of various vehicle parts caused by the difference in friction loss.
In addition, the vehicle power transmission is not all linear transmission, and the universal joint is to connect two non-linear transmission members. Therefore, the layout of automotive power lines must also be scientific, otherwise it will also cause additional energy loss. These losses are ultimately compensated by increasing fuel consumption.
Therefore, there are two main factors that affect vehicle fuel consumption in the entire vehicle power transmission. First, the manufacturer's power line design must be as scientific as possible. Second, the drive components selected by the manufacturer must have good machining quality and low friction.
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